Abstract
During past decades, edible chrysanthemum (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) has become a popular dietary supplement. However, only numberable cultivars are available, cytogenetic studies especially meiotic behaviour in them remaind largely unexplored. In the present study, we analyzed the karyotype and meiotic behaviour during microsporogenesis in accessions of edible chrysanthemum. This information can be useful in cultivar improvement, as well as in elucidation of the evolution of the species. The three edible cultivars studied all had an intermediate type of interphase nucleus, and their mitotic prophase chromosomes were of the interstitial type. The chromosome number of “Baohuatangyijin”(Bn) varies from 55 to 62. “Zifengmudan”(Zn) has the karyotype 2n = 54 = 38m + 12sm + 4st, while “Jingxingxiying”(Jg) has 2n = 55 = 38m + 15sm + 2st. Male meiosis was largely normal. Mean pairing configuration of Zn at diakinesis and metaphase I was 0.94I + 25.07II + 0.14III + 0.63IV, while for Jg, the equivalent was 1.32I + 24.64II + 0.16III + 0.85IV + 0.05V + 0.04VI. Chromatid separation was normal during anaphase I and anaphase II in most meiocytes. All three edible chrysanthemums appear to be allopolyploid, and the edible type is probably more primitive than the ornamental type. However, the edible type is probably more closely related to the ornamental than to the medicinal type.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen, J.Y., Taxology of Chinese Flower Cultivars, Beijing: China Forestry Press, 2001.
Li, M.X., Zhang, X.F., and Chen, J.Y., Cytological Studies on Some Chinese Wild Dendranthema Species and Chrysanthemum Cultivars, Acta Hort. Sin., 1983, vol. 10, pp. 199–205.
Endo, N., The Chromosome Survey on the Cultivated Chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat: 2. On the Chromosome Numbers of Cultivated Chrysanthemums (Part 2), J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 1969, vol. 38, pp. 343–349.
Endo, M. and Inada, I., Chromosome Number of Edible and Garnish Chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 1990, vol. 59, pp. 603–612.
Endo, M. and Inada, I., On the Karyotypes of Garden Chrysanthemums, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat., J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 1992, vol. 61, pp. 413–420.
Tanaka, R., Types of Resting Nuclei of Orchidaceae, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 1971, vol. 84, pp. 118–122.
Tanaka, R., Recent Karyotype Studies, in Plant Cytology, Tokyo: Asakura Shoten, 1977, pp. 293–326.
Li, M.X. and Chen, R.Y., The Standardization about the Karyotype Analysis, J. Wuhan Bot. Res., 1985, vol. 3, pp. 297–302.
Stebbins, G.L., Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants, London, 1971, pp. 87–90.
Arano, H., Cytological Studies in Subfamily Carduoideae (Compositae) of Japan: 9, Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 1963, vol. 76, pp. 32–39.
Kuo, S.R., Wang, T.T., and Huang, T.C., Karyotype Analysis of Some Formosan Gymnosperms, Taiwania, 1972, vol. 17, pp. 66–80.
Li, J., Chen, S.M., Chen, F.D., and Fang, W.M., Karyotype and Meiotic Analyses of Six Species in the Subtribe Chrysantheminae, Euphytica, 2008, vol. 164, pp. 293–301.
Li, Ch., Chen, F.D., Zhao, H.B., and Fang, W.M., Karyomorphology of Fourteen Cultivars in Cut Chrysanthemum, Acta Hort. Sin., 2007, vol. 34, pp. 1235–1342.
Li, Ch., Chen, F.D., Zhao, H.B., and Fang, W.M., Karyotype Diversity of 17 Chrysanthemum Cultivars with Small Inflorescens, Acta Hort. Sin., 2008, vol. 35, pp. 71–80.
Hong, D.Y., Plant Cytotaxonomy, Beijing: Science Press, 1990.
Roxas, N.J.L., Tashiro, Y., Miyazaki, S., et al., Meiosis and Pollen Fertility in Higo Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum (Ramat.) Kitam.), J. Japan Soc. Hort. Sci., 1995, vol. 64, pp. 161–168.
Tang, D., Xiong, J.H., and Wang, S.Y., Studies on Breeding Chrysanthemum for Cut-Flowers, J. Yunnan Agri. Univ., 2001, vol. 16, pp. 46–49.
Dai, S.L., Wang, W.K., and Huang, J.P., Advance of Researches on Phylogeny of Dendranthema and Origin of Chrysanthemum, Acta Scent. Nat. Univ. Pekinensis, 2002, vol. 17, pp. 9–15.
Chen, F.H., Origin of Chinese chrysanthemum, Chry. Dahlia., 1957, vol. 7, pp. 264–265.
Chen, F.D., Chen, P.D., Fang, W.M., and Li, H.J., Cytological Studies of Three Varieties of Medicinal Chrysanthemum, J. Nanjing Agri. Univ., 1997, vol. 20, pp. 28–31.
Ding, L., Chen, F.D., and Fang, W.M., Genetic Diversity among 27 Materials in 8 Species of Dendranthema by Isozyme Analysis, Acta Bot. Boreal, 2007, vol. 27, pp. 249–256.
Chen, J.Y., Studies on the Origin of Chinese Florist’s Chrysanthemum, Acta Hort., 1985, vol. 167, pp. 349–361.
Dai, S.L., Wang, W.K., Li, M.X., and Xu, Y.X., Phylogenetic Relationship of Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. Revealed by Fluorescent in situ Hybridization, J. Intergra. Plant Biol., 2005, vol. 47, pp. 783–791.
Chen, F.D., Chen, P.D., Fang, W.M., and Li, H.J., Cytogenetics of F1-Hybrids between Small-Headed Cultivars of Dendranthema x grandifolium and Two Wild Dendranthema Species, Acta Hort. Sin., 1998, vol. 25, pp. 308–309.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
The article is published in the original.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, C., Chen, S., Chen, F. et al. Cytogenetic study of three edible chrysanthemum cultivars. Russ J Genet 47, 176–181 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795411010054
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1022795411010054